Edward Snowden Permanent Record

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Spanning the bucolic Beltway suburbs of his childhood and the clandestine CIA and NSA postings of his adulthood, Permanent Record is the extraordinary account of a bright young man who grew up online―a man who became a spy, a whistleblower, and, in exile, the Internet’s conscience.

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Permanent Record. Edward Snowden, the man who risked everything to expose the US government’s system of mass surveillance, reveals for the first time the story of his life, including how he helped to build that system and what motivated him to try to bring it down. Edward Snowden, the man who risked everything to expose the US government’s system of mass surveillance, reveals for the first time the. Full Summary of Permanent Record Overall Summary. Edward Snowden is a former CIA and NSA contractor. In 2013, he released classified documents that revealed how American intelligence agencies were conducting secret mass surveillance on their own citizens. The book begins by describing Snowden’s childhood.

Channel 4 News is among the highest-rated television programmes in the United Kingdom, winning a record five Royal Television Society Television Awards in February 2006. These included TV Journalist of the Year for Jon Snow, Home News Award for the Attorney General leak, and the International News Award for Congo's Tin Soldiers. Permanent Record is the memoir of Edward Snowden, released in 2019. Snowden is a former intelligence contractor who worked for the CIA and NSA. In 2013, he became a world-famous whistleblower, leaking highly classified documents which detailed how American intelligence agencies were conducting secret mass surveillance of their own citizens.

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Locations of the U.S. Special Collection Service (SCS) eavesdropping sites in 2004

STATEROOM is the code name of a highly secretive signals intelligence collection program involving the interception of international radio, telecommunications and internet traffic. It is operated out of the diplomatic missions of the signatories to the UKUSA Agreement and the members of the ECHELON network including Australia, New Zealand, United Kingdom, Canada and the United States.[1][2]

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In almost a hundred U.S. embassies and consulates worldwide, Stateroom operations are conducted by the Special Collection Service (SCS), a unit that is jointly operated by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the National Security Agency (NSA).[3]

According to documents leaked by Edward Snowden, the true mission of Stateroom personnel is generally not revealed to the rest of the diplomatic staff at the facilities where they are assigned.[2]

Members[edit]

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Location and status of CIA/NSA Special Collection Service (SCS) eavesdropping sites as of 13 August 2010
  • – Australian Signals Directorate (ASD), formerly known as the Defence Signals Directorate (DSD)
  • – Communications Security Establishment (CSE)
  • – Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ)
  • – Special Collection Service (SCS)
  • – Government Communications Security Bureau (GCSB)

Operations[edit]

Note: The list of locations in the following section is non-exhaustive, and only includes publicly disclosed information.

Australia[edit]

The collection of signals intelligence by Australian embassies and high commissions occurs in capital cities across East Asia and Southeast Asia, namely:Bangkok (Thailand), Beijing (China), Dili (East Timor), Hanoi (Vietnam), Jakarta (Indonesia), Kuala Lumpur (Malaysia), Port Moresby (Papua New Guinea)[1][4]

Canada[edit]

In the 1980s, surveys were conducted by Canada's CSE agency to pick out Canadian embassies suitable to function as surveillance posts.[5]

New Zealand[edit]

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As of 16 March 2015, New Zealand's GCSB agency had a secret listening post, codenamed 'Caprica', at the New Zealand High Commission in Honiara, the capital of the Solomon Islands. The 'Caprica' outpost was reportedly modeled after the NSA's Stateroom outposts at selected United States embassies across the world.[6]

United Kingdom[edit]

RAF Croughton in Northamptonshire, England

As of 2013, British embassies and consulates in the following capital cities are known to contain clandestine surveillance facilities:

  • Berlin (Germany)[7]

Data collected by Britain is sent to a relay facility at RAF Croughton in Northamptonshire, England, before being transmitted to a data center jointly operated by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency and the U.S. National Security Agency in College Park, Maryland.[8][9]

United States[edit]

On 23 November 2013, the Dutch newspaper NRC Handelsblad released a top secret NSA presentation leaked by Snowden that shows, among others, locations of the U.S. Special Collection Service (SCS).[10]

In the United States, the U.S. Special Collection Service (SCS) contributes to Stateroom. The SCS is jointly operated by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the National Security Agency (NSA).[3] On 23 November 2013, the Dutch newspaper NRC Handelsblad released a top secret NSA presentation leaked by Edward Snowden, which shows the presence of SCS operations in numerous U.S. diplomatic missions located in the following cities:Athens (Greece), Bangkok (Thailand), Berlin (Germany), Brasília (Brazil), Budapest (Hungary), Frankfurt (Germany), Geneva (Switzerland), Lagos (Nigeria), Milan (Italy), New Delhi (India), Paris (France), Prague (Czech Republic), Vienna (Austria), Zagreb (Croatia).

In October 2013, reports by former NSA contractor Edward Snowden led to the revelation of the SCS having systematically wiretapped Chancellor of GermanyAngela Merkel's private cell phone over a period of over 10 years, among other activities to wiretap and systematically record large amounts of European and South American leaders' and citizens' communications.[11]

Other SCS locations include Baku (Azerbaijan), Kiev (Ukraine), Madrid (Spain), Moscow (Russia), Pristina (Kosovo), Rome (Italy), Sarajevo (Bosnia), Tbilisi (Georgia), and Tirana (Albania).[9]

Disclosure by Edward Snowden[edit]

The existence of Stateroom was revealed in October 2013 by the former NSA contractor Edward Snowden, who initiated the global surveillance disclosure.[12]

...These sites are small in size and in number of personnel staffing them. They are covert, and their true mission is not known by the majority of the diplomatic staff at the facility where they are assigned.

— Excerpt from the NSA's STATEROOM Guide

Reactions[edit]

New Zealand[edit]

Damien Rogers, former senior adviser to the New Zealand intelligence agency Government Communications Security Bureau (GCSB) said he was surprised to hear that the 'Stateroom' codeword and location of associated sites are being published in the media, because such revelations would cause 'anxiety and concern' for the directors of the five intelligence agencies of the UKUSA Agreement.[12]Nicky Hager, a New Zealand investigative journalist who exposed the ECHELON surveillance system, confirmed that such surveillance operations have been conducted by the intelligence agencies of the Five Eyes for quite some time.[12]

Australia[edit]

A spokesman for Australia's Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade said: 'It is the long-standing practice of Australian governments not to comment on intelligence matters.'[4] Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott told reporters that 'Every Australian governmental agency, every Australian official at home and abroad operates in accordance with the law, and that's the assurance that I can give people at home and abroad'.[13]

Canada[edit]

Government representatives at CSE declined to comment directly on the leak. A spokeswoman for Canada's Defence Minister Rob Nicholson declined to comment.[14]

China[edit]

Hua Chunying, a spokeswoman for China's Foreign Ministry, reacted angrily and demanded that foreign entities and personnel in China 'strictly abide' by the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations and other international treaties.[1]

Germany[edit]

A view from the rooftop terrace of the Reichstag building in Berlin, the seat of the German parliament. In the background, behind the Brandenburg Gate, the United States Embassy can be seen. The grey structure on the embassy's roof (top right corner of the photograph) is thought to contain surveillance equipment, possibly used to tap into mobile phones.[15]

German Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle summoned Britain's Ambassador to Germany, Simon McDonald, to explain and to clarify the presence of Britain's eavesdropping centre in Berlin.[16][17]

Indonesia[edit]

Indonesian Foreign Minister Marty Natalegawa protested against the surveillance program, and told the media that 'such action is not only a breach of security, but also a serious violation of diplomatic norms and ethics, and certainly not in tune with the spirit of friendly relations between nations.'[13]

Malaysia[edit]

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Malaysia's Minister of Home Affairs, Ahmad Zahid Hamidi, said that Snowden's revelation is a 'sensitive issue since it involves several countries'.[13]

Solomon Islands[edit]

Edward Snowden Permanent Record Citation

The Solomon Islands' Chief of Staff, Robert Iroga, said that the New Zealand Government's actions damaged New Zealand's image as a 'friendly government' in the South Pacific. He added that communications within the inner circle of the Solomons Government was 'highly secret information' that rightfully belong to the Solomon Islanders.[18] In addition, Iroga accused New Zealand officials of bullying-behavior in trade negotiations and alleged that New Zealand had shared information regarding Taiwanese aid money with China.[19]

Thailand[edit]

Permanent Record Edward Snowden

Thailand's National Security Council asserted that such forms of surveillance are considered to be acts of criminality under the Law of Thailand.[20]

Gallery[edit]

  • Guide to STATEROOM leaked by Edward Snowden.

  • Glossary of related terms, as defined by the NSA

See also[edit]

  • Mass surveillance

References[edit]

Your Permanent Record

  1. ^ abcJane Perlez (31 October 2013). 'Australia Said to Play Part in N.S.A. Effort'. The New York Times. Archived from the original on 22 March 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
  2. ^ abSpiegel Online (28 October 2013). 'Photo Gallery: Spies in the Embassy'. Spiegel Online. Archived from the original on 22 March 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
  3. ^ abLaura Poitras; Marcel Rosenbach; Holger Stark (26 August 2013). 'Secret NSA Documents Show How the US Spies on Europe and the UN'. Der Spiegel. Archived from the original on 30 August 2013. Retrieved 30 August 2013., Page 2 at archive.
  4. ^ abPhilip Dorling (31 October 2013). 'Australia's Asia spy network exposed'. The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 22 March 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
  5. ^Lauren Strapagiel (29 October 2013). 'Canadian embassies in U.S.-led spying efforts: Der Spiegel documents'. canada.com. Archived from the original on 22 March 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
  6. ^Hager, Nicky; Gallagher, Ryan (16 March 2015). 'GCSB had Solomons post, papers show'. New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 16 March 2015.
  7. ^Duncan Campbell; Cahal Milmo; Kim Sengupta; Nigel Morris; Tony Patterson (5 November 2013). 'Revealed: Britain's 'secret listening post in the heart of Berlin''. The Independent. Archived from the original on 22 March 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
  8. ^Duncan Campbell; Cahal Milmo (5 November 2013). 'Exclusive: RAF Croughton base 'sent secrets from Merkel's phone straight to the CIA''. The Independent. Archived from the original on 22 March 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
  9. ^ abNigel Morris; Cahal Milmo; Duncan Campbell; Kim Sengupta; Tony Paterson (6 November 2013). 'Germany calls in Britain's ambassador to demand explanation over 'secret Berlin listening post''. The Independent. Archived from the original on 22 March 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
  10. ^Floor Boon; Steven Derix; Huib Modderkolk (23 November 2013). 'NSA infected 50,000 computer networks with malicious software'. NRC Handelsblad. Archived from the original on 22 March 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2014.
  11. ^Spiegel Staff (27 October 2013). 'Cover Story: How NSA Spied on Merkel Cell Phone from Berlin Embassy'. Spiegel Online. Archived from the original on 22 March 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2014., pages 2 and 3 at archive.
  12. ^ abcAdam Bennett (1 November 2013). 'NZ link to Oz spying claims'. The New Zealand Herald. Archived from the original on 22 March 2014. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
  13. ^ abcWilliam Wan (31 October 2013). 'Outrage at alleged U.S. spying efforts gathers steam in Asian capitals'. The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 22 March 2014. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
  14. ^Colin Freeze (31 October 2013). 'Canadian embassies eavesdrop, leak says'. The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
  15. ^Konrad Lischka; Matthias Kremp (28 October 2013). 'NSA-Spähskandal: So funktionieren die Abhöranlagen in US-Botschaften'. Spiegel Online (in German). Archived from the original on 22 March 2014. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
  16. ^British Broadcasting Corporation (5 November 2013). 'Germany calls in British ambassador over spy claims'. British Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 22 March 2014. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
  17. ^David Blair (5 November 2013). 'Germany calls in British ambassador over Berlin spying claim'. The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 22 March 2014. Retrieved 23 March 2014.
  18. ^Fisher, David (15 March 2015). 'GCSB spied on inner circle of former Solomon Islands PM and anti-corruption campaigner'. New Zealand Herald. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
  19. ^'New Zealand response to Solomons spying documents 'hypocritical''. Radio New Zealand. 23 March 2015. Retrieved 23 March 2015.
  20. ^Gelineau, Kristen. 'Indonesia Summons Aussie Ambassador over Spy Claim'. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 27 January 2014. Retrieved 23 December 2013.

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